Tập I - Chương X. TƯƠNG ƯNG DẠ XOA - Bài 12

Thứ Ba, ngày 14 tháng 10 năm 2014

Tập I - Chương X. TƯƠNG ƯNG DẠ XOA -
Bài 12-Alava (S.i, 218) 

Chánh văn tiếng Việt: 

XII. Alava (S.i,218)

1) Như vầy tôi nghe. Một thời Thế Tôn trú ở Alavi, tại trú xứ của Dạ-xoa Alavakka.

2) Rồi Dạ-xoa Alavaka nói với Thế Tôn: -- Này Sa-môn, hãy đi ra!

-- Lành thay, Hiền giả. Thế Tôn nói và đi ra.

-- Này Sa-môn, hãy đi vào.

-- Lành thay, Hiền giả. Thế Tôn nói và đi vào.

3) Lần thứ hai, Dạ-xoa Alavaka nói với Thế Tôn: -- Này Sa-môn, hãy đi ra.

-- Lành thay, Hiền giả. Thế Tôn nói và đi ra.

-- Này Sa-môn, hãy đi vào. 

-- Lành thay, Hiền giả. Thế Tôn nói và đi vào.

4) Lần thứ ba, Dạ-xoa Alavika nói với Thế Tôn:

-- Này Sa-môn, hãy đi ra.

-- Lành thay, Hiền giả. Thế Tôn nói và đi ra.

-- Này Sa-môn, hãy đi vào.

-- Lành thay, Hiền giả. Thế Tôn nói và đi vào.

5) Lần thứ tư, Dạ-xoa Alavika nói với Thế Tôn:-- Này Sa-môn, hãy đi ra.

6) -- Này Hiền giả, Ta không đi ra. Hãy làm gì Ông nghĩ là phải làm.

7) -- Này Sa-môn, ta sẽ hỏi Ông một câu hỏi. Nếu Ông không trả lời ta được, ta sẽ làm tâm Ông điên loạn, hay ta làm Ông bể tim, hay nắm lấy chân, ta sẽ quăng Ông qua bờ bên kia sông Hằng.

8) -- Này Hiền giả, Ta không thấy một ai, ở thế giới chư Thiên, Ma giới hay Phạm thiên giới, với chúng Sa-môn, Bà-la-môn, với chư Thiên và loài Người có thể làm tâm Ta điên loạn, hay làm bể tim Ta hay nắm lấy chân, quăng Ta qua bờ bên kia sông Hằng. Tuy vậy, này Hiền giả, hãy hỏi đi như Ông muốn.

9) (Dạ-xoa):

Cái gì đối người đời,
Là tài sản tối thượng?
Cái gì khéo hành trì,
Ðem lại chơn an lạc?
Cái gì giữa các vị,
Là vị ngọt tối thượng?
Phải sống như thế nào,
Ðược gọi sống tối thượng?

10) (Thế Tôn):

Lòng tin đối người đời,
Là tài sản tối thượng.
Chánh pháp khéo hành trì,
Ðem lại chơn an lạc.
Chân lý giữa các vị,
Là vị ngọt tối thượng.
Phải sống với trí tuệ,
Ðược gọi sống tối thượng.

11) (Dạ-xoa):

Làm sao vượt bộc lưu?
Làm sao vượt biển lớn?
Làm sao siêu khổ não?
Làm sao được thanh tịnh?

12) (Thế Tôn):

Với tín, vượt bộc lưu.
Không phóng dật, vượt biển.
Tinh tấn, siêu khổ não.
Với Trí, được thanh tịnh.

13) (Dạ-xoa):

Làm sao được trí tuệ?
Làm sao được tài sản?
Làm sao đạt danh xưng?
Làm sao kết bạn hữu?
Ðời này qua đời khác,
Làm sao không sầu khổ?

14) (Thế Tôn):

Ai tin tưởng Chánh pháp
Của bậc A-la-hán,
Pháp ấy khiến đạt được,
Niết-bàn (chơn an lạc),
Khéo học, không phóng dật,
Minh nhãn khéo phân biệt,
Nhờ hành trì như vậy,
Vị ấy được trí tuệ.
Làm gì khéo thích hợp,
Gánh vác các trách nhiệm,
Phấn chấn, thích hoạt động,
Như vậy được tài sản,
Chơn thật đạt danh xưng,
Bố thí kết bạn hữu,
Ðời này qua đời khác,
Như vậy không sầu khổ.
Tín nam gia chủ nào,
Tìm cầu bốn pháp này,
Chơn thực và chế ngự,
Kiên trì và xả thí,
Vị ấy sau khi chết,
Không còn phải sầu khổ.
Ðời này qua đời khác,
Sau chết, không sầu khổ.
Ta muốn Ông đến hỏi,
Sa-môn, Bà-la-môn,
Có những pháp nào khác,
Tốt hơn bốn pháp này:
Chơn thực và chế ngự,
Xả thí và kham nhẫn.

15) (Dạ-xoa):

Làm sao nay ta hỏi,
Sa-môn, Bà-la-môn,
Khi nay ta được biết,
Nguyên nhân của đời sau.
Phật đến Alavi,
Thật lợi ích cho ta.
Nay ta được biết rõ,
Cho gì được quả lớn.
Nên ta sẽ bộ hành,
Làng này qua làng khác,
Thành này qua thành khác,
Ðảnh lễ Phật Chánh Giác,
Cùng đảnh lễ Chánh pháp,
Các vị chứng Pháp tánh.

Chánh văn Pāḷi

12. Āḷavakasuttaṃ

246. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā āḷaviyaṃ viharati āḷavakassa yakkhassa bhavane. Atha kho āḷavako yakkho yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘nikkhama, samaṇā’’ti. ‘‘Sādhāvuso’’ti bhagavā nikkhami. ‘‘Pavisa, samaṇā’’ti. ‘‘Sādhāvuso’’ti bhagavā pāvisi. Dutiyampi kho āḷavako yakkho bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘nikkhama, samaṇā’’ti. ‘‘Sādhāvuso’’ti bhagavā nikkhami. ‘‘Pavisa, samaṇā’’ti. ‘‘Sādhāvuso’’ti bhagavā pāvisi. Tatiyampi kho āḷavako yakkho bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘nikkhama, samaṇā’’ti. ‘‘Sādhāvuso’’ti bhagavā nikkhami. ‘‘Pavisa, samaṇā’’ti. ‘‘Sādhāvuso’’ti bhagavā pāvisi. Catutthampi kho āḷavako yakkho bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘nikkhama, samaṇā’’ti. ‘‘Na khvāhaṃ taṃ, āvuso, nikkhamissāmi. Yaṃ te karaṇīyaṃ taṃ karohī’’ti. ‘‘Pañhaṃ taṃ, samaṇa, pucchissāmi. Sace me na byākarissasi, cittaṃ vā te khipissāmi, hadayaṃ vā te phālessāmi, pādesu vā gahetvā pāragaṅgāya khipissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Na khvāhaṃ taṃ, āvuso, passāmi sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya, ye me cittaṃ vā khipeyya hadayaṃ vā phāleyya, pādesu vā gahetvā pāragaṅgāya khipeyya. Api ca tvaṃ, āvuso, puccha yadā kaṅkhasī’’ti [(atha kho āḷavako yakkho bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi.) (sī.)]. 

‘‘Kiṃsūdha vittaṃ purisassa seṭṭhaṃ, kiṃsu suciṇṇaṃ sukhamāvahāti;

Kiṃsu have sādutaraṃ rasānaṃ, kathaṃjīviṃ jīvitamāhu seṭṭha’’nti.

‘‘Saddhīdha vittaṃ purissa seṭṭhaṃ, dhammo suciṇṇo sukhamāvahāti;

Saccaṃ have sādutaraṃ rasānaṃ, paññājīviṃ jīvitamāhu seṭṭha’’nti.

‘‘Kathaṃsu tarati oghaṃ, kathaṃsu tarati aṇṇavaṃ;

Kathaṃsu dukkhamacceti, kathaṃsu parisujjhatī’’ti.

‘‘Saddhāya tarati oghaṃ, appamādena aṇṇavaṃ;

Vīriyena dukkhamacceti, paññāya parisujjhatī’’ti.

‘‘Kathaṃsu labhate paññaṃ, kathaṃsu vindate dhanaṃ;

Kathaṃsu kittiṃ pappoti, kathaṃ mittāni ganthati;

Asmā lokā paraṃ lokaṃ, kathaṃ pecca na socatī’’ti.

‘‘Saddahāno arahataṃ, dhammaṃ nibbānapattiyā;

Sussūsaṃ [sussūsā (sī. pī.)] labhate paññaṃ, appamatto vicakkhaṇo.

‘‘Patirūpakārī dhuravā, uṭṭhātā vindate dhanaṃ;

Saccena kittiṃ pappoti, dadaṃ mittāni ganthati;

Asmā lokā paraṃ lokaṃ, evaṃ pecca na socati.

‘‘Yassete caturo dhammā, saddhassa gharamesino;

Saccaṃ dammo dhiti cāgo, sa ve pecca na socati.

‘‘Iṅgha aññepi pucchassu, puthū samaṇabrāhmaṇe;

Yadi saccā dammā cāgā, khantyā bhiyyodha vijjatī’’ti.

‘‘Kathaṃ nu dāni puccheyyaṃ, puthū samaṇabrāhmaṇe;

Yohaṃ [sohaṃ (sī.), svāhaṃ (ka.)] ajja pajānāmi, yo attho samparāyiko.

‘‘Atthāya vata me buddho, vāsāyāḷavimāgamā [māgato (pī. ka.)];

Yohaṃ [sohaṃ (sī.)] ajja pajānāmi, yattha dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ.

‘‘So ahaṃ vicarissāmi, gāmā gāmaṃ purā puraṃ;

Namassamāno sambuddhaṃ, dhammassa ca sudhammata’’nti.

Yakkhasaṃyuttaṃ samattaṃ.

Chú giải Pāḷi

12. Āḷavakasuttavaṇṇanā

246. Dvādasame āḷaviyanti āḷavīti taṃ raṭṭhampi nagarampi. Tañca bhavanaṃ nagarassa avidūre gāvutamatte ṭhitaṃ. Bhagavā tattha viharanto taṃ nagaraṃ upanissāya āḷaviyaṃ viharatīti vutto. Āḷavakassa yakkhassa bhavaneti ettha pana ayamanupubbikathā – āḷavako kira rājā vividhanāṭakūpabhogaṃ chaḍḍetvā corapaṭibāhanatthaṃ paṭirājanisedhanatthaṃ byāyāmakaraṇatthañca sattame sattame divase migavaṃ gacchanto ekadivasaṃ balakāyena saddhiṃ katikaṃ akāsi – ‘‘yassa passena migo palāyati, tasseva so bhāro’’ti. Atha tasseva passena migo palāyi, javasampanno rājā dhanuṃ gahetvā pattikova tiyojanaṃ taṃ migaṃ anubandhi. Eṇimigā ca tiyojanavegā eva honti. Atha parikkhīṇajavaṃ taṃ udakaṃ viya pavisitvā ṭhitaṃ vadhitvā dvidhā chetvā anatthikopi maṃsena ‘‘nāsakkhi migaṃ gahetu’’nti apavādamocanatthaṃ kājenādāya āgacchanto nagarassāvidūre bahalapattapalāsaṃ mahānigrodhaṃ disvā parissamavinodanatthaṃ tassa mūlamupagato. Tasmiñca nigrodhe āḷavako yakkho mahārājasantikā bhavanaṃ labhitvā majjhanhikasamaye tassa rukkhassa chāyāya phuṭṭhokāsaṃ paviṭṭhe pāṇino khādanto paṭivasati. So taṃ disvā khādituṃ upagato. Rājā tena saddhiṃ katikaṃ akāsi – ‘‘muñca maṃ, ahaṃ te divase divase manussañca thālipākañca pesessāmī’’ti. Yakkho – ‘‘tvaṃ rājūpabhogena pamatto na sarissasi, ahaṃ pana bhavanaṃ anupagatañca ananuññātañca khādituṃ na labhāmi, svāhaṃ bhavantampi jīyeyya’’nti na muñci. Rājā ‘‘yaṃ divasaṃ na pesemi, taṃ divasaṃ maṃ gahetvā khādā’’ti attānaṃ anujānitvā tena mutto nagarābhimukho agamāsi.

Balakāyo magge khandhāvāraṃ bandhitvā ṭhito rājānaṃ disvā, ‘‘kiṃ, mahārāja, ayasamattabhayā evaṃ kilantosī’’ti? Vadanto paccuggantvā paṭiggahesi. Rājā taṃ pavattiṃ anārocetvā nagaraṃ gantvā katapātarāso nagaraguttikaṃ āmantetvā etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Nagaraguttiko – ‘‘kiṃ, deva , kālaparicchedo kato’’ti āha? Na kato bhaṇeti. Duṭṭhu kataṃ, deva, amanussā hi paricchinnamattameva labhanti, aparicchinne pana janapadassābādho bhavissati, hotu deva, kiñcāpi evamakāsi, appossukko tvaṃ rajjasukhamanubhohi, ahamettha kātabbaṃ karissāmīti. So kālasseva vuṭṭhāya bandhanāgāradvāre ṭhatvā ye ye vajjhā honti, te te sandhāya ‘‘yo jīvitatthiko, so nikkhamatū’’ti bhaṇati. Yo paṭhamaṃ nikkhamati, taṃ gehaṃ netvā nhāpetvā bhojetvā ca ‘‘imaṃ thālipākaṃ yakkhassa dehī’’ti peseti. Taṃ rukkhamūlaṃ paviṭṭhamattaṃyeva yakkho bheravaṃ attabhāvaṃ nimminitvā mūlakandaṃ viya khādi. Yakkhānubhāvena kira manussānaṃ kesādīni upādāya sakalasarīraṃ navanītapiṇḍaṃ viya hoti, yakkhassa bhattaṃ gāhāpetuṃ gatapurisā taṃ disvā bhītā yathāmittaṃ ārocesuṃ. Tato pabhuti ‘‘rājā core gahetvā yakkhassa detī’’ti manussā corakammato paṭiviratā. Tato aparena samayena navacorānaṃ abhāvena purāṇacorānañca parikkhayena bandhanāgārāni suññāni ahesuṃ.

Atha nagaraguttiko rañño ārocesi. Rājā attano dhanaṃ nagararacchāsu chaḍḍāpesi ‘‘appeva nāma koci lobhena gaṇheyyā’’ti. Taṃ pādenapi koci nacchupi. So core alabhanto amaccānaṃ ārocesi. Amaccā ‘‘kulapaṭipāṭiyā ekamekaṃ jiṇṇakaṃ pesema, so pakatiyāpi maccupathe vattatī’’ti āhaṃsu. Rājā ‘‘amhākaṃ pitaraṃ amhākaṃ pitāmahaṃ pesetīti manussā khobhaṃ karissanti, mā vo etaṃ ruccī’’ti vāresi. ‘‘Tena hi, deva, dārakaṃ pesema uttānaseyyakaṃ, tathāvidhassa hi ‘mātā me’ti ‘pitā me’ti sineho natthī’’ti āhaṃsu. Rājā anujāni. Te tathā akaṃsu. Nagare dārakamātaro ca dārake gahetvā gabbhiniyo ca palāyitvā parajanapade dārake saṃvaḍḍhetvā ānenti. Evaṃ dvādasa vassāni gatāni.

Tato ekadivasaṃ sakalanagaraṃ vicinitvā ekampi dārakaṃ alabhitvā amaccā rañño ārocesuṃ – ‘‘natthi, deva, nagare dārako ṭhapetvā antepure tava puttaṃ āḷavakakumāra’’nti. Rājā ‘‘yathā mama putto piyo, evaṃ sabbalokassa, attanā pana piyataraṃ natthi, gacchatha tampi datvā mama jīvitaṃ rakkhathā’’ti. Tena ca samayena āḷavakassa mātā puttaṃ nhāpetvā maṇḍetvā dukūlacumbaṭake katvā aṅke sayāpetvā nisinnā hoti. Rājapurisā rañño āṇāya tattha gantvā vippalapantiyā tassā soḷasannañca devisahassānaṃ saddhiṃ dhātiyā taṃ ādāya pakkamiṃsu, ‘‘sve yakkhabhakkho bhavissatī’’ti. Taṃdivasañca bhagavā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya jetavanavihāre gandhakuṭiyaṃ mahākaruṇāsamāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ olokento addasa āḷavakassa kumārassa anāgāmiphaluppattiyā upanissayaṃ yakkhassa ca sotāpattiphaluppattiyā, desanāpariyosāne ca caturāsītipāṇasahassānaṃ dhammacakkhupaṭilābhassāti. So vibhātāya rattiyā purimabhattakiccaṃ katvā suniṭṭhitapacchābhattakicco kāḷapakkhūposathadivase vattamāne oggate sūriye eko adutiyo pattacīvaramādāya pādamaggeneva sāvatthito tiṃsa yojanāni gantvā tassa yakkhassa bhavanaṃ pāvisi. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘āḷavakassa yakkhassa bhavane’’ti.

Kiṃ pana bhagavā yasmiṃ nigrodhe āḷavakassa bhavanaṃ, tassa mūle vihāsi, udāhu bhavaneyevāti? Bhavaneyeva. Yatheva hi yakkhā attano bhavanaṃ passanti, tathā bhagavāpi. So tattha gantvā bhavanadvāre aṭṭhāsi. Tadā āḷavako himavante yakkhasamāgamaṃ gato hoti. Tato āḷavakassa dvārapālo gadrabho nāma yakkho bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā, ‘‘kiṃ, bhante, bhagavā vikāle āgato’’ti āha. Āma, gadrabha, āgatomhi, sace te agaru, vihareyyāmekarattaṃ āḷavakassa bhavaneti. Na me, bhante, garu, apica kho so yakkho kakkhaḷo pharuso, mātāpitūnampi abhivādanādīni na karoti, mā rucci bhagavato idha vāsoti. Jānāmi, gadrabha, tassa sabhāvaṃ, na koci mamantarāyo bhavissati. Sace te agaru, vihareyyāmekarattanti.

Dutiyampi gadrabho yakkho bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘aggitattakapālasadiso, bhante, āḷavako, mātāpitaroti vā samaṇabrāhmaṇāti vā dhammoti vā na jānāti, idhāgatānaṃ pana cittakkhepampi karoti, hadayampi phāleti, pādepi gahetvā parasamuddaṃ vā paracakkavāḷaṃ vā khipatī’’ti. Dutiyampi bhagavā āha – ‘‘jānāmi, gadrabha, sacepi te agaru, vihareyyāmekaratta’’nti. Na me, bhante, garu, apica kho so yakkho attano anārocetvā anujānantaṃ maṃ jīvitāpi voropeyya, ārocemi, bhante, tassāti. Yathāsukhaṃ , gadrabha, ārocehīti. ‘‘Tena hi, bhante, tvameva jānāhī’’ti bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā himavantābhimukho pakkāmi. Bhavanadvārampi sayameva bhagavato vivaramadāsi. Bhagavā antobhavanaṃ pavisitvā yattha abhilakkhitesu maṅgaladivasādīsu nisīditvā āḷavako siriṃ anubhoti, tasmiṃyeva dibbaratanamaye pallaṅke nisīditvā suvaṇṇābhaṃ muñci. Taṃ disvā yakkhassa itthiyo āgantvā bhagavantaṃ vanditvā samparivāretvā nisīdiṃsu. Bhagavā ‘‘pubbe tumhe dānaṃ datvā sīlaṃ samādiyitvā pūjaneyyaṃ pūjetvā imaṃ sampattiṃ pattā, idānipi tatheva karotha, mā aññamaññaṃ issāmacchariyābhibhūtā viharathā’’tiādinā nayena tāsaṃ pakiṇṇakadhammakathaṃ kathesi. Tā bhagavato madhuranigghosaṃ sutvā sādhukārasahassāni datvā bhagavantaṃ samparivāretvā nisīdiṃsuyeva. Gadrabhopi himavantaṃ gantvā āḷavakassārocesi – ‘‘yagghe , mārisa, jāneyyāsi vimāne te bhagavā nisinno’’ti. So gadrabhassa saññaṃ akāsi ‘‘tuṇhī hohi, gantvā kattabbaṃ karissāmī’’ti. Purisamānena kira lajjito ahosi, tasmā ‘‘mā koci parisamajjhe suṇeyyā’’ti evamakāsi.

Tadā sātāgirahemavatā bhagavantaṃ jetavaneyeva vanditvā ‘‘yakkhasamāgamaṃ gamissāmā’’ti saparivārā nānāyānehi ākāsena gacchanti. Ākāse ca yakkhānaṃ sabbattha maggo natthi, ākāsaṭṭhāni vimānāni pariharitvā maggaṭṭhāneneva maggo hoti. Āḷavakassa pana vimānaṃ bhūmaṭṭhaṃ suguttaṃ pākāraparikkhittaṃ susaṃvihitadvāraaṭṭālakagopuraṃ upari kaṃsajālasañchannaṃ mañjūsasadisaṃ tiyojanaṃ ubbedhena, tassa upari maggo hoti. Te taṃ padesamāgamma gantuṃ nāsakkhiṃsu. Buddhānaṃ hi nisinnokāsassa uparibhāgena yāva bhavaggā koci gantuṃ na sakkoti. Te ‘‘kimida’’nti? Āvajjetvā bhagavantaṃ disvā ākāse khittaleḍḍu viya oruyha vanditvā dhammaṃ sutvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā, ‘‘yakkhasamāgamaṃ gacchāma bhagavā’’ti tīṇi vatthūni pasaṃsantā yakkhasamāgamaṃ agamaṃsu. Āḷavako te disvā, ‘‘idha nisīdathā’’ti paṭikkamma okāsamadāsi. Te āḷavakassa nivedesuṃ – ‘‘lābhā te, āḷavaka, yassa te bhavane bhagavā viharati, gacchāvuso, bhagavantaṃ payirupāsassū’’ti. Evaṃ bhagavā bhavaneyeva vihāsi, na yasmiṃ nigrodhe āḷavakassa bhavanaṃ, tassa mūleti. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā āḷaviyaṃ viharati āḷavakassa yakkhassa bhavane’’ti.

Atha kho āḷavako…pe… etadavoca – ‘‘nikkhama, samaṇā’’ti kasmā panāyaṃ etadavoca? Rosetukāmatāya. Tatrevaṃ ādito pabhuti sambandho veditabbo – ayaṃ hi yasmā assaddhassa saddhākathā dukkathā hoti dussīlādīnaṃ sīlādikathā viya, tasmā tesaṃ yakkhānaṃ santikā bhagavato pasaṃsaṃ sutvāyeva aggimhi pakkhittaloṇasakkharā viya abbhantare kopena taṭataṭāyamānahadayo hutvā ‘‘ko so bhagavā nāma, yo mama bhavanaṃ paviṭṭho’’ti āha. Te ahaṃsu – ‘‘na tvaṃ, āvuso, jānāsi bhagavantaṃ amhākaṃ satthāraṃ, yo tusitabhavane ṭhito pañcamahāvilokitaṃ viloketvā’’tiādinā nayena yāva dhammacakkapavattanā kathentā paṭisandhiādīsu dvattiṃsa pubbanimittāni vatvā, ‘‘imānipi tvaṃ, āvuso, acchariyāni nāddasā’’ti? Codesuṃ. So disvāpi kodhavasena ‘‘nāddasa’’nti āha. Āvuso āḷavaka, passeyyāsi vā tvaṃ, na vā, ko tayā attho passatā vā apassatā vā? Kiṃ tvaṃ karissasi amhākaṃ satthuno, yo tvaṃ taṃ upanidhāya calakkakudha-mahāusabhasamīpe tadahujātavacchako viya, tidhā pabhinnamattavāraṇasamīpe bhiṅkapotako viya, bhāsuravilambitakesarasobhitakkhandhassa migarañño samīpe jarasiṅgālo viya, diyaḍḍhayojanasatapavaḍḍhakāyasupaṇṇarājasamīpe chinnapakkhakākapotako viya khāyasi, gaccha yaṃ te karaṇīyaṃ, taṃ karohīti. Evaṃ vutte duṭṭho āḷavako uṭṭhahitvā manosilātale vāmapādena ṭhatvā – ‘‘passatha dāni tumhākaṃ vā satthā mahānubhāvo, ahaṃ vā’’ti dakkhiṇapādena saṭṭhiyojanamattaṃ kelāsapabbatakūṭaṃ akkami. Taṃ ayokūṭapahaṭo viya niddhantaayopiṇḍo papaṭikāyo muñci, so tatra ṭhatvā, ‘‘ahaṃ āḷavako’’ti ugghosesi. Sakalajambudīpaṃ saddo phari.

Cattāro kira saddā sakalajambudīpe sūyiṃsu – yañca puṇṇako yakkhasenāpati dhanañjayakorabyarājānaṃ jūtaṃ jinitvā apphoṭetvā ‘‘ahaṃ jini’’nti ugghosesi; yañca sakko devānamindo kassapabhagavato sāsane osakkante vissakammadevaputtaṃ sunakhaṃ karitvā – ‘‘ahaṃ pāpabhikkhū ca pāpabhikkhuniyo ca upāsake ca upāsikāyo ca sabbeva ca adhammavādino khādāmī’’ti ugghosāpesi; yañca kusajātake pabhāvatihetu sattahi rājūhi nagare uparuddhe pabhāvatiṃ attanā saha hatthikkhandhe āropetvā nagarā nikkhamma – ‘‘ahaṃ sīhassaramahākusarājā’’ti mahāpuriso ugghosesi; yañca kelāsamuddhani ṭhatvā āḷavakoti. Tadā hi sakalajambudīpe dvāre ṭhatvā ugghositasadisaṃ ahosi. Tiyojanasahassavitthato ca himavāpi saṅkampi yakkhassānubhāvena.

So vātamaṇḍalaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi – ‘‘eteneva samaṇaṃ palāpessāmī’’ti . Te puratthimādibhedā vātā samuṭṭhahitvā aḍḍhayojanayojanadviyojanatiyojanappamāṇāni pabbatakūṭāni padāletvā vanagaccharukkhādīni ummūlaṃ katvā, āḷavinagaraṃ pakkhantā jiṇṇahatthisālādīni cuṇṇentā chadaniṭṭhakā ākāse vidhamentā. Bhagavā ‘‘mā kassaci uparodho hotū’’ti adhiṭṭhāsi. Te vātā dasabalaṃ patvā cīvarakaṇṇamattampi cāletuṃ nāsakkhiṃsu. Tato mahāvassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. ‘‘Udakena ajjhottharitvā samaṇaṃ māressāmī’’ti. Tassānubhāvena uparūpari satapaṭalasahassapaṭalādibhedā valāhakā uṭṭhahitvā pavassiṃsu. Vuṭṭhidhārāvegena pathavī chiddā ahosi. Vanarukkhādīnaṃ upari mahogho āgantvā dasabalassa cīvare ussāvabindumattampi temetuṃ nāsakkhi. Tato pāsāṇavassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Mahantāni mahantāni pabbatakūṭāni dhūmāyantāni pajjalantāni ākāsenāgantvā dasabalaṃ patvā dibbamālāguḷāni sampajjiṃsu. Tato paharaṇavassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Ekatodhārāubhatodhārāasisattikhurappādayo dhūmāyantā pajjalantā ākāsenāgantvā dasabalaṃ patvā dibbapupphāni ahesuṃ. Tato aṅgāravassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Kiṃsuka vaṇṇā aṅgārā ākāsenāgantvā dasabalassa pādamūle dibbapupphāni hutvā vikīrayiṃsu. Tato kukkulavassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Accuṇhā kukkulā ākāsenāgantvā dasabalassa pādamūle candanacuṇṇaṃ hutvā nipatiṃsu. Tato vālikavassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Atisukhumavālikā dhūmāyantā pajjalantā ākāsenāgantvā dasabalassa pādamūle dibbapupphāni hutvā nipatiṃsu. Tato kalalavassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Taṃ kalalavassaṃ dhūmāyantaṃ pajjalantaṃ ākāsenāgantvā dasabalassa pādamūle dibbagandhaṃ hutvā nipati. Tato andhakāraṃ samuṭṭhāpesi ‘‘bhiṃsetvā samaṇaṃ palāpessāmī’’ti. Taṃ caturaṅgasamannāgataṃ andhakārasadisaṃ hutvā dasabalaṃ patvā sūriyappabhāvihatamiva andhakāraṃ antaradhāyi.

Evaṃ yakkho imāhi navahi vātavassapāsāṇapaharaṇaṅgārakukkulavālikakalalandhakāravuṭṭhīhi bhagavantaṃ palāpetuṃ asakkonto nānāvidhapaharaṇahatthāya anekappakārarūpabhūtagaṇasamākulāya caturaṅginiyā senāya sayameva bhagavantaṃ abhigato. Te bhūtagaṇā anekappakāre vikāre katvā ‘‘gaṇhatha hanathā’’ti bhagavato upari āgacchantā viya honti. Apica kho niddhantalohapiṇḍaṃ viya makkhikā, bhagavantaṃ allīyituṃ asamatthāva ahesuṃ. Evaṃ santepi yathā bodhimaṇḍe māro āgatavelāyameva nivatto, tathā anivattetvā upaḍḍharattimattaṃ byākulamakaṃsu. Evaṃ upaḍḍharattimattaṃ anekappakāravibhiṃsanakadassanenapi bhagavantaṃ cāletuṃ asakkonto āḷavako cintesi – ‘‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ kenaci ajeyyaṃ dussāvudhaṃ muñceyya’’nti.

Cattāri kira āvudhāni loke seṭṭhāni – sakkassa vajirāvudhaṃ, vessavaṇassa gadāvudhaṃ, yamassa nayanāvudhaṃ, āḷavakassa dussāvudhanti. Yadi hi sakko duṭṭho vajirāvudhaṃ sinerumatthake pahareyya, aṭṭhasaṭṭhisahassādhikayojanasatasahassaṃ vinivijjhitvā heṭṭhato gaccheyya. Vessavaṇena kujjhanakāle vissajjitaṃ gadāvudhaṃ bahūnaṃ yakkhasahassānaṃ sīsaṃ pātetvā puna hatthapāsaṃ āgantvā tiṭṭhati. Yamena duṭṭhena nayanāvudhena olokitamatte anekāni kumbhaṇḍasahassāni tattakapāle tilā viya pharantāni vinassanti. Āḷavako duṭṭho sace ākāse dussāvudhaṃ muñceyya, dvādasa vassāni devo na vasseyya. Sace pathaviyaṃ muñceyya. Sabbarukkhatiṇādīni sussitvā dvādasavassantare na puna viruheyyuṃ. Sace samudde muñceyya, tattakapāle udakabindu viya sabbamudakaṃ susseyya. Sace sinerusadisepi pabbate muñceyya, khaṇḍākhaṇḍaṃ hutvā vikireyya. So evaṃ mahānubhāvaṃ dussāvudhaṃ uttarisāṭakaṃ muñcitvā aggahesi. Yebhuyyena dasasahassīlokadhātudevatā vegena sannipatiṃsu ‘‘ajja bhagavā āḷavakaṃ damessati, tattha dhammaṃ sossāmā’’ti yuddhadassanakāmāpi devatā sannipatiṃsu. Evaṃ sakalampi ākāsaṃ devatāhi paripuṇṇamahosi.

Atha āḷavako bhagavato samīpe uparūpari vicaritvā vatthāvudhaṃ muñci. Taṃ asanivicakkaṃ viya ākāse bheravasaddaṃ karontaṃ dhūmāyantaṃ pajjalantaṃ bhagavantaṃ patvā yakkhamānamaddanatthaṃ pādapuñchanacoḷaṃ hutvā pādamūle nipati. Āḷavako taṃ disvā chinnavisāṇo viya usabho uddhatadāṭho viya sappo nittejo nimmado nipatitamānaddhajo hutvā cintesi – ‘‘dussāvudhampi me samaṇaṃ nābhibhosi. Kiṃ nu kho kāraṇa’’nti? ‘‘Idaṃ kāraṇaṃ, mettāvihārayutto samaṇo, handa naṃ rosetvā mettāya viyojemī’’ti iminā sambandhenetaṃ vuttaṃ – atha kho āḷavako yakkho yena bhagavā…pe… nikkhama samaṇāti. Tatthāyamadhippāyo – kasmā mayā ananuññāto mama bhavanaṃ pavisitvā gharasāmiko viya itthāgārassa majjhe nisinnosi? Ananuyuttametaṃ samaṇassa yadidaṃ adinnaparibhogo itthisaṃsaggo ca? Tasmā yadi tvaṃ samaṇadhamme ṭhito, nikkhama samaṇāti. Eke pana – ‘‘etāni aññāni ca pharusavacanāni vatvā evāyaṃ etadavocā’’ti bhaṇanti.

Atha bhagavā – ‘‘yasmā thaddho paṭithaddhabhāvena vinetuṃ na sakkā, so hi paṭithaddhabhāve kayiramāne, seyyathāpi caṇḍassa kukkurassa nāsāya pittaṃ bhindeyya, so bhiyyosomattāya caṇḍataro assa, evaṃ thaddhataro hoti, mudunā pana so sakkā vinetu’’nti ñatvā, sādhāvusoti piyavacanena tassa vacanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā nikkhami. Tena vuttaṃ sādhāvusoti bhagavā nikkhamīti.

Tato āḷavako – ‘‘subbaco vatāyaṃ samaṇo ekavacaneneva nikkhanto, evaṃ nāma nikkhametuṃ sukhaṃ samaṇaṃ akāraṇenevāhaṃ sakalarattiṃ yuddhena abbhuyyāsi’’nti muducitto hutvā puna cintesi – ‘‘idānipi na sakkā jānituṃ, kiṃ nu kho subbacatāya nikkhanto udāhu kodhano . Handāhaṃ vīmaṃsāmī’’ti. Tato pavisa, samaṇāti āha. Atha subbacoti mudubhūtacittavavatthānakaraṇatthaṃ puna piyavacanaṃ vadanto sādhāvusoti bhagavā pāvisi. Āḷavako punappunaṃ tameva subbacabhāvaṃ vīmaṃsanto dutiyampi tatiyampi nikkhama pavisāti āha. Bhagavāpi tathā akāsi. Yadi na kareyya, pakatiyāpi thaddhayakkhassa cittaṃ thaddhataraṃ hutvā dhammakathāya bhājanaṃ na bhaveyya. Tasmā yathā nāma mātā rodantaṃ puttakaṃ yaṃ so icchati, taṃ datvā vā katvā vā saññāpesi tathā bhagavā kilesarodanena rodantaṃ yakkhaṃ saññāpetuṃ yaṃ so bhaṇati, taṃ akāsi. Yathā ca dhātī thaññaṃ apivantaṃ dārakaṃ kiñci datvā upalāḷetvā pāyeti, tathā bhagavā yakkhaṃ lokuttaradhammakhīraṃ pāyetuṃ tassa patthitavacanakaraṇena upalāḷento evamakāsi. Yathā ca puriso lābumhi catumadhuraṃ pūretukāmo tassabbhantaraṃ sodheti, evaṃ bhagavā yakkhassa citte lokuttaracatumadhuraṃ pūretukāmo tassabbhantare kodhamalaṃ sodhetuṃ yāva tatiyaṃ nikkhamanapavisanaṃ akāsi.

Atha āḷavako ‘‘subbaco ayaṃ samaṇo ‘nikkhamā’ti vutto nikkhamati, ‘pavisā’ti vutto pavisati. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ imaṃ samaṇaṃ evameva sakalarattiṃ kilametvā pāde gahetvā pāragaṅgāya khipeyya’’nti? Pāpakaṃ cittaṃ uppādetvā catutthavāraṃ āha nikkhama, samaṇāti. Taṃ ñatvā bhagavā na khvāhaṃ tanti āha. Evaṃ vā vutte taduttarikaraṇīyaṃ pariyesamāno pañhaṃ pucchitabbaṃ maññissati. Taṃ dhammakathāya mukhaṃ bhavissatīti ñatvā, na khvāhaṃ tanti āha. Tattha na-iti paṭikkhepe. Khoti avadhāraṇe. Ahanti attanidassanaṃ. Tanti hetuvacanaṃ. Tenevettha ‘‘yasmā tvaṃ evaṃ cintesi, tasmā ahaṃ, āvuso, neva nikkhamissāmi, yaṃ te karaṇīyaṃ, taṃ karohī’’ti evamattho daṭṭhabbo.

Tato āḷavako yasmā pubbepi ākāsena gamanavelāya – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho etaṃ suvaṇṇavimānaṃ, udāhu rajatamaṇivimānānaṃ aññataraṃ, handa naṃ passāmā’’ti evaṃ attano vimānaṃ āgate iddhimante tāpasaparibbājake pañhaṃ pucchitvā vissajjetuṃ asakkonte cittakkhepādīhi viheṭheti, tasmā bhagavantampi tathā viheṭhessāmīti maññamāno pañhaṃ tantiādimāha.

Kuto panassa pañhāti ? Tassa kira mātāpitaro kassapaṃ bhagavantaṃ payirupāsitvā aṭṭha pañhe saha vissajjanena uggahesuṃ. Te daharakāle āḷavakaṃ pariyāpuṇāpesuṃ; so kālaccayena vissajjanaṃ sammussi. Tato ‘‘ime pañhāpi mā vinassantū’’ti suvaṇṇapaṭṭhe jātihiṅgulakena lekhāpetvā vimāne nikkhipi. Evamete puṭṭhapañhā buddhavisayāva honti. Bhagavā taṃ sutvā yasmā buddhānaṃ pariccattalābhantarāyo vā jīvitantarāyo vā sabbaññutaññāṇabyāmappabhādipaṭighāto vā na sakkā kenaci kātuṃ, tasmā naṃ loke asādhāraṇaṃ buddhānubhāvaṃ dassento na khvāhaṃ taṃ, āvuso, passāmi sadevake loketiādimāha.

Evaṃ bhagavā tassa bādhanacittaṃ paṭisedhetvā pañhāpucchane ussāhaṃ janento āha apica tvaṃ, āvuso, puccha, yadākaṅkhasīti. Tassattho – puccha, yadi ākāṅkhasi, na me pañhāvissajjane bhāro atthi. Atha vā puccha, yaṃ ākaṅkhasi. Sabbaṃ te vissajjessāmīti sabbaññupavāraṇaṃ pavāresi asādhāraṇaṃ paccekabuddhaaggasāvakamahāsāvakehi. Evaṃ bhagavato sabbaññupavāraṇāya pavāritāya atha kho āḷavako yakkho bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi.

Tattha kiṃ sūdha vittanti, kiṃ su idha vittaṃ. Vittanti dhanaṃ. Taṃ hi pītisaṅkhātaṃ vittiṃ karoti, tasmā ‘‘vitta’’nti vuccati. Suciṇṇanti sukataṃ. Sukhanti kāyikacetasikaṃ sātaṃ. Āvahātīti āvahati āneti deti appeti. Have-iti daḷhatthe nipāto. Sādutaranti atisayena sādu. ‘‘Sādhutara’’ntipi pāṭho. Rasānanti rasasaññitānaṃ dhammānaṃ. Kathanti kena pakārena. Kathaṃjīvino jīvitaṃ kathaṃjīviṃjīvitaṃ. Gāthābandhasukhatthaṃ pana sānunāsikaṃ vuccati. Kathaṃjīviṃ jīvatanti vā pāṭho, tassa ‘‘jīvantānaṃ kathaṃjīvi’’nti attho. Evaṃ imāya gāthāya ‘‘kiṃ su idha loke purisassa vittaṃ seṭṭhaṃ? Kiṃ su suciṇṇaṃ sukhamāvahāti? Kiṃ rasānaṃ sādutaraṃ? Kathaṃjīviṃ jīvitaṃ seṭṭhamāhū’’ti? Ime cattāro pañhe pucchi.

Athassa bhagavā kassapadasabalena vissajjitanayeneva vissajjento imaṃ gāthamāha saddhīdha vittanti. Tattha yathā hiraññasuvaṇṇādi vittaṃ upabhogasukhaṃ āvahati, khuppipāsādidukkhaṃ paṭibāhati, dāliddiyaṃ vūpasameti, muttādiratanapaṭilābhahetu hoti, lokasantatiñca āvahati, evaṃ lokiyalokuttarā saddhāpi yathāsambhavaṃ lokiyalokuttaraṃ vipākaṃ sukhamāvahati, saddhādhurena paṭipannānaṃ jātijarādidukkhaṃ paṭibāhati, guṇadāliddiyaṃ vūpasameti, satisambojjhaṅgādiratanapaṭilābhahetu hoti.

‘‘Saddho sīlena sampanno, yaso bhogasamappito;

Yaṃ yaṃ padesaṃ bhajati, tattha tattheva pūjito’’ti. (dha. pa. 303)–

Vacanato lokasantatiñca āvahatīti katvā ‘‘vitta’’nti vuttaṃ. Yasmā pana tesaṃ saddhāvittaṃ anugāmikaṃ anaññasādhāraṇaṃ sabbasampattihetu, lokiyassa hiraññasuvaṇṇādivittassāpi nidānaṃ. Saddhoyeva hi dānādīni puññāni katvā vittaṃ adhigacchati, assaddhassa pana vittaṃ yāvadeva anatthāya hoti, tasmā seṭṭhanti vuttaṃ. Purisassāti ukkaṭṭhaparicchedadesanā. Tasmā na kevalaṃ purisassa, itthiādīnampi saddhāvittameva seṭṭhanti veditabbaṃ.

Dhammoti dasakusaladhammo, dānasīlabhāvanādhammo vā. Suciṇṇoti sukato sucarito. Sukhamāvahatīti soṇaseṭṭhiputtaraṭṭhapālādīnaṃ viya manussasukhaṃ, sakkādīnaṃ viya dibbasukhaṃ, pariyosāne mahāpadumādīnaṃ viya nibbānasukhañca āvahati.

Saccanti ayaṃ saccasaddo anekesu atthesu dissati. Seyyathidaṃ – ‘‘saccaṃ bhaṇe na kujjheyyā ’’ tiādīsu (dha. pa. 224) vācāsacce. ‘‘Sacce ṭhitā samaṇabrāhmaṇā cā’’tiādīsu (jā. 2.21.433) viratisacce. ‘‘Kasmā nu saccāni vadanti nānā, pavādiyāse kusalā vadānā’’tiādīsu (su. ni. 891) diṭṭhisacce. ‘‘Cattārimāni, bhikkhave, brāhmaṇasaccānī’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 4.185) brāhmaṇasacce. ‘‘Ekaṃ hi saccaṃ na dutiyamatthī’’tiādīsu (su. ni. 890; mahāni. 119) paramatthasacce. ‘‘Catunnaṃ saccānaṃ kati kusalā’’tiādīsu (vibha. 216) ariyasacce. Idha pana paramatthasaccaṃ nibbānaṃ viratisaccañca abbhantaraṃ katvā vācāsaccaṃ adhippetaṃ, yassānubhāvena udakādīni vase vattenti, jātijarāmaraṇapāraṃ taranti. Yathāha –

‘‘Saccena vācenudakamhi dhāvati,

Visampi saccena hananti paṇḍitā;

Saccena devo thanayaṃ pavassati,

Sace ṭhitā nibbutiṃ patthayanti.

‘‘Ye kecime atthi rasā pathabyā,

Saccaṃ tesaṃ sādutaraṃ rasānaṃ;

Sacce ṭhitā samaṇabrāhmaṇā ca,

Taranti jātimaraṇassa pāra’’nti. (jā. 2.21.433);

Sādutaranti madhurataraṃ paṇītataraṃ. Rasānanti ye ime ‘‘mūlaraso khandharaso’’tiādinā (dha. sa. 628-630) nayena sāyanīyadhammā, yecime ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ phalarasaṃ (mahāva. 300), arasarūpo bhavaṃ gotamo, ye te, brāhmaṇa, rūparasā saddarasā (pārā. 3; a. ni. 8.11), anāpatti rasarase (pāci. 605-611), ayaṃ dhammavinayo ekaraso vimuttiraso (cūḷava. 385; a. ni. 8.19), bhāgī vā bhagavā attharasassa dhammarasassā’’tiādinā (mahāni. 149) nayena rūpācārarasupavajjā avasesā byañjanādayo ‘‘dhammarasā’’ti vuccanti . Tesaṃ rasānaṃ saccaṃ have sādutaraṃ saccameva sādutaraṃ. Sādhutaraṃ vā, seṭṭhataraṃ, uttamataraṃ. Mūlarasādayo hi sarīramupabrūhenti, saṃkilesikañca sukhamāvahanti. Saccarase viratisaccavācāsaccarasā samathavipassanādīhi cittaṃ upabrūheti, asaṃkilesikañca sukhamāvahati. Vimuttiraso paramatthasaccarasaparibhāvitattā sādu, attharasadhammarasā ca tadadhigamūpāyabhūtaṃ atthañca dhammañca nissāya pavattitoti.

Paññājīviṃjīvitanti ettha pana yvāyaṃ andhekacakkhudvicakkhukesu dvicakkhupuggalo gahaṭṭho vā kammantānuṭṭhāna-saraṇagamanadāna-saṃvibhāga-sīlasamādānuposathakammādi gahaṭṭhapaṭipadaṃ, pabbajito vā avippaṭisārakarasīlasaṅkhātaṃ taduttaricittavisuddhiādibhedampi pabbajitapaṭipadaṃ paññāya ārādhetvā jīvati, tassa paññāya jīvino jīvitaṃ, taṃ vā paññājīvitaṃ seṭṭhamāhūti evamattho daṭṭhabbo.

Evaṃ bhagavatā vissajjite cattāropi pañhe sutvā attamano yakkho avasesepi cattāro pañhe pucchanto kathaṃsu tarati oghanti gāthamāha. Athassa bhagavā purimanayeneva vissajjento saddhāya taratīti gāthamāha. Tattha kiñcāpi yo catubbidhamoghaṃ tarati, so saṃsāraṇṇavampi tarati, vaṭṭadukkhampi acceti, kilesamalāpi parisujjhati, evaṃ santepi pana yasmā assaddho oghataraṇaṃ asaddahanto na pakkhandati, pañcasu kāmaguṇesu cittavossaggena pamatto tattheva visattattā saṃsāraṇṇavaṃ na tarati, kusīto dukkhaṃ viharati vokiṇṇo akusalehi dhammehi, appañño suddhimaggaṃ ajānanto na parisujjhati, tasmā tappaṭipakkhaṃ dassentena bhagavatā ayaṃ gāthā vuttā.

Evaṃ vuttāya cetāya yasmā sotāpattiyaṅgapadaṭṭhānaṃ saddhindriyaṃ, tasmā saddhāya tarati oghanti iminā padena diṭṭhoghataraṇaṃ sotāpattimaggaṃ sotāpannañca pakāseti. Yasmā pana sotāpanno kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ bhāvanāya sātaccakiriyasaṅkhatena appamādena samannāgato dutiyamaggaṃ ārādhetvā ṭhapetvā sakidevimaṃ lokaṃ āgamanamaggaṃ avasesaṃ sotāpattimaggena atiṇṇaṃ bhavoghavatthuṃ saṃsāraṇṇavaṃ tarati, tasmā appamādena aṇṇavanti iminā padena bhavoghataraṇaṃ sakadāgāmimaggaṃ sakadāgāmiñca pakāseti. Yasmā ca sakadāgāmī vīriyena tatiyamaggaṃ ārādhetvā sakadāgāmimaggena anatītaṃ kāmoghavatthuṃ kāmoghasaññitañca kāmadukkhamacceti, tasmā vīriyena dukkhamaccetīti iminā padena kāmoghataraṇaṃ anāgāmimaggaṃ anāgāmiñca pakāseti. Yasmā pana anāgāmī vigatakāmasaññāya parisuddhāya paññāya ekantaparisuddhaṃ catutthamaggapaññaṃ ārādhetvā anāgāmimaggena appahīnaṃ avijjāsaṅkhātaṃ paramamalaṃ pajahati, tasmā paññāya parisujjhatīti, iminā padena avijjoghataraṇaṃ arahattamaggañca arahattañca pakāseti. Imāya ca arahattanikūṭena kathitāya gāthāya pariyosāne yakkho sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi.

Idāni tameva ‘‘paññāya parisujjhatī’’ti ettha vuttaṃ paññāpadaṃ gahetvā attano paṭibhānena lokiyalokuttaramissakaṃ pañhaṃ pucchanto kathaṃsu labhate paññanti imaṃ chappadaṃ gāthamāha. Tattha kathaṃsūti sabbattheva atthayuttipucchā honti. Ayaṃ hi paññādiatthaṃ ñatvā tassa yuttiṃ pucchati – ‘‘kathaṃ, kāya yuttiyā, kena kāraṇena paññaṃ labhatī’’ti? Esa nayo dhanādīsu.

Athassa bhagavā catūhi kāraṇehi paññālābhaṃ dassento saddahānotiādimāha. Tassattho – yena pubbabhāge kāyasucaritādibhedena aparabhāge ca sattatiṃsabodhipakkhiyabhedena dhammena arahanto buddhapaccekabuddhasāvakā nibbānaṃ pattā, taṃ saddahāno arahataṃ dhammaṃ nibbānapattiyā lokiyalokuttarapaññaṃ labhati, tañca kho na saddhāmattakeneva. Yasmā pana saddhājāto upasaṅkamati , upasaṅkamanto payirupāsati, payirupāsanto sotaṃ odahati, ohitasoto dhammaṃ suṇāti, tasmā upasaṅkamanato pabhuti yāva dhammassavanena sussūsaṃ labhati. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti – taṃ dhammaṃ saddahitvāpi ācariyupajjhāye kālena upasaṅkamitvā vattakaraṇena payirupāsitvā yadā payirupāsanāya ārādhitacittā kiñci vattukāmā honti. Atha adhigatāya sotukāmatāya sotaṃ odahitvā suṇanto labhatīti. Evaṃ sussūsampi ca satiavippavāsena appamatto subhāsitadubbhāsitaññutāya vicakkhaṇo eva labhati, na itaro. Tenāha ‘‘appamatto vicakkhaṇo’’ti.

Evaṃ yasmā saddhāya paññalābhasaṃvattanikaṃ paṭipadaṃ paṭipajjati, sussūsāya sakkaccaṃ paññādhigamūpāyaṃ suṇāti, appamādena gahitaṃ na pamussati. Vicakkhaṇatāya anūnādhikaṃ aviparītañca gahetvā vitthārikaṃ karoti. Sussūsāya vā ohitasoto paññāpaṭilābhahetuṃ dhammaṃ suṇāti, appamādena sutadhammaṃ dhāreti, vicakkhaṇatāya dhatānaṃ dhammānaṃ atthamupaparikkhati, athānupubbena paramatthasaccaṃ sacchikaroti, tasmāssa bhagavā ‘‘kathaṃsu labhate pañña’’nti puṭṭho imāni cattāri kāraṇāni dassento imaṃ gāthamāha.

Idāni tato pare tayo pañhe vissajjento patirūpakārīti imaṃ gāthamāha. Tattha desakālādīni ahāpetvā lokiyassa lokuttarassa vā dhanassa patirūpaṃ adhigamūpāyaṃ karotīti patirūpakārī. Dhuravāti cetasikavīriyavasena anikkhittadhuro. Uṭṭhātāti, ‘‘yo ca sītañca uṇhañca, tiṇā bhiyyo na maññatī’’tiādinā (theragā. 232) nayena kāyikavīrīyavasena uṭṭhānasampanno asithilaparakkamo. Vindate dhananti ekamūsikāya nacirasseva catusatasahassasaṅkhaṃ cūḷantevāsī viya lokiyadhanañca, mahallakamahātissatthero viya lokuttaradhanañca labhati. So ‘‘tīhiyeva iriyāpathehi viharissāmī’’ti vattaṃ katvā thinamiddhāgamanavelāya palālacumbaṭakaṃ temetvā sīse katvā galappamāṇaṃ udakaṃ pavisitvā thinamiddhaṃ paṭibāhanto dasahi vassehi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Saccenāti vacīsaccenāpi ‘‘saccavādī bhūtavādī’’ti, paramatthasaccenāpi ‘‘buddho paccekabuddho ariyasāvako’’ti evaṃ kittiṃ pappoti. Dadanti yaṃkiñci icchitapatthitaṃ dadanto mittāni ganthati, sampādeti karotīti attho. Duddadaṃ vā dadaṃ taṃ ganthati. Dānamukhena vā cattāripi saṅgahavatthūni gahitānīti veditabbāni, tehi mittāni karotīti vuttaṃ hoti.

Evaṃ gahaṭṭhapabbajitānaṃ sādhāraṇena lokiyalokuttaramissakena nayena cattāro pañhe vissajjetvā idāni ‘‘kathaṃ pecca na socatī’’ti imaṃ pañcamaṃ pañhaṃ gahaṭṭhavasena vissajjento yassetetiādīmāha. Tassattho – yassa ‘‘saddahāno arahata’’nti ettha vuttāya sabbakalyāṇadhammuppādikāya saddhāya samannāgatattā saddhassa, gharamesinoti gharāvāsaṃ pañca vā kāmaguṇe esantassa gavesantassa kāmabhogino gahaṭṭhassa ‘‘saccena kittiṃ pappotī’’ti ettha vuttappakāraṃ saccaṃ. ‘‘Sussūsaṃ labhate pañña’’nti ettha sussūsapaññānāmena vuttova damo. ‘‘Dhuravā uṭṭhātā’’ti ettha dhuranāmena uṭṭhānanāmena ca vuttā dhiti. ‘‘Dadaṃ mittāni ganthatī’’ti ettha vuttappakāro cāgo cāti ete caturo dhammā santi. Sa ve pecca na socatīti idhalokā paralokaṃ gantvā sa ve na socatīti.

Evaṃ bhagavā pañcamampi pañhaṃ vissajjetvā taṃ yakkhaṃ codento iṅgha aññepītiādimāha. Tattha iṅghāti codanatthe nipāto. Aññepīti aññepi dhamme puthū samaṇabrāhmaṇe pucchassu. Aññepi vā pūraṇādayo sabbaññupaṭiññe puthū samaṇabrāhmaṇe pucchassu. Yadi amhehi ‘‘saccena kittiṃ pappotī’’ti ettha vuttappakārā saccā bhiyyo kittippattikāraṇaṃ vā, ‘‘sussūsaṃ labhate pañña’’nti ettha sussūsāti paññāpadesena vuttā dammā bhiyyo lokiyalokuttarapaññāpaṭilābhakāraṇaṃ vā, ‘‘dadaṃ mittāni ganthatī’’ti ettha vuttappakārā cāgā bhiyyo mittaganthanakāraṇaṃ vā, ‘‘dhuravā uṭṭhātā’’ti ettha taṃ taṃ atthavasaṃ paṭicca dhuranāmena uṭṭhānanāmena ca vuttāya mahābhārasahanatthena ussoḷhibhāvappattāya vīriyasaṅkhātāya khantyā bhiyyo lokiyalokuttaradhanavindanakāraṇaṃ vā, ‘‘saccaṃ dammo dhiti cāgo’’ti evaṃ vuttehi imeheva catūhi dhammehi bhiyyo asmā lokā paraṃ lokaṃ pecca asocanakāraṇaṃ vā idha vijjatīti ayamettha saddhiṃ saṅkhepayojanāya atthavaṇṇanā. Vitthārato pana ekamekaṃ padaṃ atthuddhārapaduddhārapadavaṇṇanānayehi vibhajitvā veditabbā.

Evaṃ vutte yakkho yena saṃsayena aññe puccheyya, tassa pahīnattā kathaṃ nu dāni puccheyyaṃ, puthū samaṇabrāhmaṇeti vatvā yepissa apucchanakāraṇaṃ na jānanti, tepi jānāpento yohaṃ ajjapajānāmi, yo attho samparāyikoti āha. Tattha ajjāti ajjādiṃ katvāti adhippāyo. Pajānāmīti yathāvuttena pakārena jānāmi. Yo atthoti ettāvatā ‘‘sussūsaṃ labhate pañña’’ntiādinā nayena vuttaṃ diṭṭhadhammikaṃ dasseti. Samparāyikoti iminā ‘‘yassete caturo dhammā’’ti vuttaṃ pecca sokābhāvakāraṇaṃ samparāyikaṃ. Atthoti ca kāraṇassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Ayaṃ hi atthasaddo ‘‘sātthaṃ sabyañjana’’nti evamādīsu (pārā. 1; dī. ni. 1.255) pāṭhatthe vattati. ‘‘Attho me, gahapati, hiraññasuvaṇṇenā’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.250; ma. ni. 3.258) vicakkhaṇe. ‘‘Hoti sīlavataṃ attho’’tiādīsu (jā. 1.1.11) vuḍḍhimhi. ‘‘Bahujano bhajate atthahetū’’tiādīsu dhane. ‘‘Ubhinnamatthaṃ caratī’’tiādīsu (jā. 1.7.66; saṃ. ni. 1.250; theragā. 443) hite . ‘‘Atthe jāte ca paṇḍita’’ntiādīsu (jā. 1.1.92) kāraṇe. Idha pana kāraṇe. Tasmā yaṃ paññādilābhādīnaṃ kāraṇaṃ diṭṭhadhammikaṃ, yañca pecca sokābhāvassa kāraṇaṃ samparāyikaṃ, taṃ yohaṃ ajja bhagavatā vuttanayena sāmaṃyeva pajānāmi, so kathaṃ nu dāni puccheyyaṃ puthū samaṇabrāhmaṇeti evamettha saṅkhepato attho veditabbo.

Evaṃ yakkho ‘‘pajānāmi yo attho samparāyiko’’ti vatvā tassa ñāṇassa bhagavaṃmūlakattaṃ dassento atthāya vata me buddhoti āha. Tattha atthāyāti hitāya vuḍḍhiyā ca. Yattha dinnaṃ mahapphalanti ‘‘yassete caturo dhammā’’ti ettha vuttacāgena yattha dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ, taṃ aggadakkhiṇeyyaṃ buddhaṃ pajānāmīti attho. Keci pana ‘‘saṅghaṃ sandhāya evamāhā’’ti bhaṇanti.

Evaṃ imāya gāthāya attano hitādhigamaṃ dassetvā idāni sahitapaṭipattiṃ dīpento so ahaṃ vicarissāmītiādimāha. Tattha gāmā gāmanti devagāmā devagāmaṃ. Purā puranti devanagarato devanagaraṃ. Namassamāno sambuddhaṃ, dhammassa ca sudhammatanti ‘‘sammāsambuddho vata bhagavā, svākkhāto vata bhagavato dhammo’’tiādinā nayena buddhasubodhitañca dhammasudhammatañca ca-saddena ‘‘suppaṭipanno vata bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho’’tiādinā saṅghasuppaṭipattiñca abhitthavitvā namassamāno dhammaghosako hutvā vicarissāmīti vuttaṃ hoti.

Evamimāya gāthāya pariyosānañca rattivibhāvanañca sādhukārasadduṭṭhānañca āḷavakakumārassa yakkhabhavanaṃ ānayanañca ekakkhaṇeyeva ahosi. Rājapurisā sādhukārasaddaṃ sutvā – ‘‘evarūpo sādhukārasaddo ṭhapetvā buddhe na aññesaṃ abbhuggacchati, āgato nu kho bhagavā’’ti āvajjentā bhagavato sarīrappabhaṃ disvā pubbe viya bahi aṭṭhatvā nibbisaṅkā antoyeva pavisitvā addasaṃsu bhagavantaṃ yakkhassa bhavane nisinnaṃ, yakkhañca añjaliṃ paggahetvā ṭhitaṃ. Disvāna yakkhaṃ āhaṃsu – ‘‘ayaṃ te, mahāyakkha, rājakumāro balikammāya ānīto, handa naṃ khāda vā bhuñja vā, yathāpaccayaṃ vā karohī’’ti. So sotāpannattā lajjito visesena ca bhagavato purato evaṃ vuccamāno atha taṃ kumāraṃ ubhohi hatthehi paṭiggahetvā bhagavato upanāmesi ‘‘ayaṃ, bhante, kumāro mayhaṃ pesito, imāhaṃ bhagavato dammi, hitānukampakā buddhā, paṭiggaṇhātu, bhante, bhagavā imaṃ dārakaṃ imassa hitatthāya sukhatthāyā’’ti imañca gāthamāha –

‘‘Imaṃ kumāraṃ satapuññalakkhaṇaṃ,

Sabbaṅgupetaṃ paripuṇṇabyañjanaṃ;

Udaggacitto sumano dadāmi te,

Paṭiggaha lokahitāya cakkhumā’’ti.

Paṭiggahesi bhagavā kumāraṃ. Paṭiggaṇhanto ca yakkhassa ca kumārassa ca maṅgalakaraṇatthaṃ pādūnagāthaṃ abhāsi. Taṃ yakkho kumāraṃ saraṇaṃ gamento tikkhattuṃ catutthapādena pūresi. Seyyathidaṃ –

‘‘Dīghāyuko hotu ayaṃ kumāro,

Tuvañca yakkha sukhito bhavāhi;

Abyādhitā lokahitāya tiṭṭhatha,

Ayaṃ kumāro saraṇamupeti buddhaṃ;

Ayaṃ kumāro saraṇamupeti dhammaṃ;

Ayaṃ kumāro saraṇamupeti saṅgha’’nti.

Atha bhagavā kumāraṃ rājapurisānaṃ adāsi – ‘‘imaṃ vaḍḍhetvā puna mameva dethā’’ti. Evaṃ so kumāro rājapurisānaṃ hatthato yakkhassa hatthaṃ, yakkhassa hatthato bhagavato hatthaṃ, bhagavato hatthato puna rājapurisānaṃ hatthaṃ gatattā nāmato ‘‘hatthako āḷavako’’ti jāto. Taṃ ādāya paṭinivatte rājapurise disvā kassakavanakammikādayo ‘‘kiṃ yakkho kumāraṃ atidaharattā na icchī’’ti? Bhītā pucchiṃsu. Rājapurisā ‘‘mā bhāyatha. Khemaṃ kataṃ bhagavatā’’ti sabbamārocesuṃ . Tato ‘‘sādhu sādhū’’ti sakalaṃ āḷavinagaraṃ ekakolāhalena yakkhābhimukhaṃ ahosi. Yakkhopi bhagavato bhikkhācārakāle anuppatte pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā upaḍḍhamaggaṃ anugantvā nivatti.

Atha bhagavā nagare piṇḍāya caritvā katabhattakicco nagaradvāre aññatarasmiṃ vivitte rukkhamūle paññattabuddhāsane nisīdi. Tato mahājanakāyena saddhiṃ rājā ca nāgarā ca ekato sampiṇḍitvā bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamma vanditvā parivāretvā nisinnā – ‘‘kathaṃ, bhante, evaṃ dāruṇaṃ yakkhaṃ damayitthā’’ti pucchiṃsu. Tesaṃ bhagavā yuddhamādiṃ katvā ‘‘evaṃ navavidhaṃ vassaṃ vassetvā evaṃ vibhiṃsanakaṃ akāsi, evaṃ pañhaṃ pucchi. Tassāhaṃ evaṃ vissajjesi’’nti tamevāḷavakasuttaṃ kathesi. Kathāpariyosāne caturāsītipāṇasahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi. Tato rājā ceva nāgarā ca vessavaṇamahārājassa bhavanasamīpe yakkhassa bhavanaṃ katvā pupphagandhādisakkārupetaṃ niccabaliṃ pavattesuṃ. Tañca kumāraṃ viññutaṃ pattaṃ ‘‘tvaṃ bhagavantaṃ nissāya jīvitaṃ labhi, gaccha bhagavantaṃyeva payirupāsassu bhikkhusaṅghañcā’’ti vissajjesuṃ. So bhagavantañca bhikkhusaṅghañca payirupāsamāno nacirasseva anāgāmiphale patiṭṭhāya sabbaṃ buddhavacanaṃ uggahetvā pañcasataupāsakaparivāro ahosi. Bhagavā ca naṃ etadagge niddisi – ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ upāsakānaṃ catūhi saṅgahavatthūhi parisaṃ saṅgaṇhantānaṃ yadidaṃ hatthako āḷavako’’ti (a. ni. 1.251). Dvādasamaṃ.

Iti sāratthappakāsiniyā